Soil surface characteristics, namely the soil moisture content and roughness, play an important role in different applications such as hydrology, agronomy or meteorology. Currently, except for RADARSAT-2 which is polarimetric sensor, the current satellite SARs allow acquisitions only with one or two polarizations. There is currently a great challenge in the use of polarimetric parameters in order to estimate surface roughness and soil moisture. Only a few studies have analysed the potential uses of polarimetric SAR data for the estimation of surface roughness and soil moisture over bare agricultural fields ([1], [2], [3] and [4]). The objective of the present study is to investigate the sensitivity of polarimetric parameters at the C-band to bare agricultural soil parameters (soil moisture and surface roughness).